package/mtd: (enhancement) add option to prevent erase when writing to flash. (closes...
[openwrt/svn-archive/archive.git] / package / mtd / src / mtd.c
1 /*
2 * mtd - simple memory technology device manipulation tool
3 *
4 * Copyright (C) 2005 Waldemar Brodkorb <wbx@dass-it.de>,
5 * Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Felix Fietkau <nbd@openwrt.org>
6 *
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
9 * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 *
11 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 *
16 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
18 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
19 *
20 *
21 * The code is based on the linux-mtd examples.
22 */
23
24 #include <limits.h>
25 #include <unistd.h>
26 #include <stdlib.h>
27 #include <stdio.h>
28 #include <stdint.h>
29 #include <signal.h>
30 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
31 #include <sys/syscall.h>
32 #include <fcntl.h>
33 #include <errno.h>
34 #include <error.h>
35 #include <time.h>
36 #include <string.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
38 #include <sys/types.h>
39 #include <sys/param.h>
40 #include <sys/mount.h>
41 #include <sys/stat.h>
42 #include <sys/reboot.h>
43 #include <linux/reboot.h>
44 #include "mtd-api.h"
45 #include "fis.h"
46 #include "mtd.h"
47 #include "crc32.h"
48
49 #define MAX_ARGS 8
50 #define JFFS2_DEFAULT_DIR "" /* directory name without /, empty means root dir */
51
52 #if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
53 #define STORE32_LE(X) ((((X) & 0x000000FF) << 24) | (((X) & 0x0000FF00) << 8) | (((X) & 0x00FF0000) >> 8) | (((X) & 0xFF000000) >> 24))
54 #elif __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
55 #define STORE32_LE(X) (X)
56 #else
57 #error unkown endianness!
58 #endif
59
60 ssize_t pread(int fd, void *buf, size_t count, off_t offset);
61 ssize_t pwrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count, off_t offset);
62
63 #define TRX_MAGIC 0x30524448 /* "HDR0" */
64 struct trx_header {
65 uint32_t magic; /* "HDR0" */
66 uint32_t len; /* Length of file including header */
67 uint32_t crc32; /* 32-bit CRC from flag_version to end of file */
68 uint32_t flag_version; /* 0:15 flags, 16:31 version */
69 uint32_t offsets[3]; /* Offsets of partitions from start of header */
70 };
71
72 static char *buf = NULL;
73 static char *imagefile = NULL;
74 static char *jffs2file = NULL, *jffs2dir = JFFS2_DEFAULT_DIR;
75 static int buflen = 0;
76 int quiet;
77 int no_erase;
78 int mtdsize = 0;
79 int erasesize = 0;
80
81 int mtd_open(const char *mtd, bool block)
82 {
83 FILE *fp;
84 char dev[PATH_MAX];
85 int i;
86 int ret;
87 int flags = O_RDWR | O_SYNC;
88
89 if ((fp = fopen("/proc/mtd", "r"))) {
90 while (fgets(dev, sizeof(dev), fp)) {
91 if (sscanf(dev, "mtd%d:", &i) && strstr(dev, mtd)) {
92 snprintf(dev, sizeof(dev), "/dev/mtd%s/%d", (block ? "block" : ""), i);
93 if ((ret=open(dev, flags))<0) {
94 snprintf(dev, sizeof(dev), "/dev/mtd%s%d", (block ? "block" : ""), i);
95 ret=open(dev, flags);
96 }
97 fclose(fp);
98 return ret;
99 }
100 }
101 fclose(fp);
102 }
103
104 return open(mtd, flags);
105 }
106
107 int mtd_check_open(const char *mtd)
108 {
109 struct mtd_info_user mtdInfo;
110 int fd;
111
112 fd = mtd_open(mtd, false);
113 if(fd < 0) {
114 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
115 return -1;
116 }
117
118 if(ioctl(fd, MEMGETINFO, &mtdInfo)) {
119 fprintf(stderr, "Could not get MTD device info from %s\n", mtd);
120 close(fd);
121 return -1;
122 }
123 mtdsize = mtdInfo.size;
124 erasesize = mtdInfo.erasesize;
125
126 return fd;
127 }
128
129 int mtd_erase_block(int fd, int offset)
130 {
131 struct erase_info_user mtdEraseInfo;
132
133 mtdEraseInfo.start = offset;
134 mtdEraseInfo.length = erasesize;
135 ioctl(fd, MEMUNLOCK, &mtdEraseInfo);
136 if (ioctl (fd, MEMERASE, &mtdEraseInfo) < 0)
137 return -1;
138
139 return 0;
140 }
141
142 int mtd_write_buffer(int fd, const char *buf, int offset, int length)
143 {
144 lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET);
145 write(fd, buf, length);
146 return 0;
147 }
148
149
150 static int
151 image_check(int imagefd, const char *mtd)
152 {
153 int ret = 1;
154 #ifdef target_brcm
155 ret = trx_check(imagefd, mtd, buf, &buflen);
156 #endif
157 return ret;
158 }
159
160 static int mtd_check(const char *mtd)
161 {
162 char *next = NULL;
163 char *str = NULL;
164 int fd;
165
166 if (strchr(mtd, ':')) {
167 str = strdup(mtd);
168 mtd = str;
169 }
170
171 do {
172 next = strchr(mtd, ':');
173 if (next) {
174 *next = 0;
175 next++;
176 }
177
178 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
179 if (fd < 0)
180 return 0;
181
182 if (!buf)
183 buf = malloc(erasesize);
184
185 close(fd);
186 mtd = next;
187 } while (next);
188
189 if (str)
190 free(str);
191
192 return 1;
193 }
194
195 static int
196 mtd_unlock(const char *mtd)
197 {
198 struct erase_info_user mtdLockInfo;
199 char *next = NULL;
200 char *str = NULL;
201 int fd;
202
203 if (strchr(mtd, ':')) {
204 str = strdup(mtd);
205 mtd = str;
206 }
207
208 do {
209 next = strchr(mtd, ':');
210 if (next) {
211 *next = 0;
212 next++;
213 }
214
215 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
216 if(fd < 0) {
217 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
218 exit(1);
219 }
220
221 if (quiet < 2)
222 fprintf(stderr, "Unlocking %s ...\n", mtd);
223
224 mtdLockInfo.start = 0;
225 mtdLockInfo.length = mtdsize;
226 ioctl(fd, MEMUNLOCK, &mtdLockInfo);
227 close(fd);
228 mtd = next;
229 } while (next);
230
231 if (str)
232 free(str);
233
234 return 0;
235 }
236
237 static int
238 mtd_erase(const char *mtd)
239 {
240 int fd;
241 struct erase_info_user mtdEraseInfo;
242
243 if (quiet < 2)
244 fprintf(stderr, "Erasing %s ...\n", mtd);
245
246 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
247 if(fd < 0) {
248 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
249 exit(1);
250 }
251
252 mtdEraseInfo.length = erasesize;
253
254 for (mtdEraseInfo.start = 0;
255 mtdEraseInfo.start < mtdsize;
256 mtdEraseInfo.start += erasesize) {
257
258 ioctl(fd, MEMUNLOCK, &mtdEraseInfo);
259 if(ioctl(fd, MEMERASE, &mtdEraseInfo))
260 fprintf(stderr, "Failed to erase block on %s at 0x%x\n", mtd, mtdEraseInfo.start);
261 }
262
263 close(fd);
264 return 0;
265
266 }
267
268 static int
269 mtd_fixtrx(const char *mtd, size_t offset)
270 {
271 int fd;
272 struct trx_header *trx;
273 char *buf;
274 ssize_t res;
275 size_t block_offset;
276
277 if (quiet < 2)
278 fprintf(stderr, "Trying to fix trx header in %s at 0x%x...\n", mtd, offset);
279
280 block_offset = offset & ~(erasesize - 1);
281 offset -= block_offset;
282
283 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
284 if(fd < 0) {
285 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
286 exit(1);
287 }
288
289 if (block_offset + erasesize > mtdsize) {
290 fprintf(stderr, "Offset too large, device size 0x%x\n", mtdsize);
291 exit(1);
292 }
293
294 buf = malloc(erasesize);
295 if (!buf) {
296 perror("malloc");
297 exit(1);
298 }
299
300 res = pread(fd, buf, erasesize, block_offset);
301 if (res != erasesize) {
302 perror("pread");
303 exit(1);
304 }
305
306 trx = (struct trx_header *) (buf + offset);
307 if (trx->magic != STORE32_LE(0x30524448)) {
308 fprintf(stderr, "No trx magic found\n");
309 exit(1);
310 }
311
312 if (trx->len == STORE32_LE(erasesize - offset)) {
313 if (quiet < 2)
314 fprintf(stderr, "Header already fixed, exiting\n");
315 close(fd);
316 return 0;
317 }
318
319 trx->len = STORE32_LE(erasesize - offset);
320
321 trx->crc32 = STORE32_LE(crc32buf((char*) &trx->flag_version, erasesize - offset - 3*4));
322 if (mtd_erase_block(fd, block_offset)) {
323 fprintf(stderr, "Can't erease block at 0x%x (%s)\n", block_offset, strerror(errno));
324 exit(1);
325 }
326
327 if (quiet < 2)
328 fprintf(stderr, "New crc32: 0x%x, rewriting block\n", trx->crc32);
329
330 if (pwrite(fd, buf, erasesize, block_offset) != erasesize) {
331 fprintf(stderr, "Error writing block (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
332 exit(1);
333 }
334
335 if (quiet < 2)
336 fprintf(stderr, "Done.\n");
337
338 close (fd);
339 sync();
340 return 0;
341
342 }
343
344 static int
345 mtd_refresh(const char *mtd)
346 {
347 int fd;
348
349 if (quiet < 2)
350 fprintf(stderr, "Refreshing mtd partition %s ... ", mtd);
351
352 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
353 if(fd < 0) {
354 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
355 exit(1);
356 }
357
358 if (ioctl(fd, MTDREFRESH, NULL)) {
359 fprintf(stderr, "Failed to refresh the MTD device\n");
360 close(fd);
361 exit(1);
362 }
363 close(fd);
364
365 if (quiet < 2)
366 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
367
368 return 0;
369 }
370
371 static void
372 indicate_writing(const char *mtd)
373 {
374 if (quiet < 2)
375 fprintf(stderr, "\nWriting from %s to %s ... ", imagefile, mtd);
376
377 if (!quiet)
378 fprintf(stderr, " [ ]");
379 }
380
381 static int
382 mtd_write(int imagefd, const char *mtd, char *fis_layout)
383 {
384 char *next = NULL;
385 char *str = NULL;
386 int fd, result;
387 ssize_t r, w, e;
388 ssize_t skip = 0;
389 uint32_t offset = 0;
390
391 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
392 static struct fis_part new_parts[MAX_ARGS];
393 static struct fis_part old_parts[MAX_ARGS];
394 int n_new = 0, n_old = 0;
395
396 if (fis_layout) {
397 const char *tmp = mtd;
398 char *word, *brkt;
399 int ret;
400
401 memset(&old_parts, 0, sizeof(old_parts));
402 memset(&new_parts, 0, sizeof(new_parts));
403
404 do {
405 next = strchr(tmp, ':');
406 if (!next)
407 next = (char *) tmp + strlen(tmp);
408
409 memcpy(old_parts[n_old].name, tmp, next - tmp);
410
411 n_old++;
412 tmp = next + 1;
413 } while(*next);
414
415 for (word = strtok_r(fis_layout, ",", &brkt);
416 word;
417 word = strtok_r(NULL, ",", &brkt)) {
418
419 tmp = strtok(word, ":");
420 strncpy((char *) new_parts[n_new].name, tmp, sizeof(new_parts[n_new].name) - 1);
421
422 tmp = strtok(NULL, ":");
423 if (!tmp)
424 goto next;
425
426 new_parts[n_new].size = strtoul(tmp, NULL, 0);
427
428 tmp = strtok(NULL, ":");
429 if (!tmp)
430 goto next;
431
432 new_parts[n_new].loadaddr = strtoul(tmp, NULL, 16);
433 next:
434 n_new++;
435 }
436 ret = fis_validate(old_parts, n_old, new_parts, n_new);
437 if (ret < 0) {
438 fprintf(stderr, "Failed to validate the new FIS partition table\n");
439 exit(1);
440 }
441 if (ret == 0)
442 fis_layout = NULL;
443 }
444 #endif
445
446 if (strchr(mtd, ':')) {
447 str = strdup(mtd);
448 mtd = str;
449 }
450
451 r = 0;
452
453 resume:
454 next = strchr(mtd, ':');
455 if (next) {
456 *next = 0;
457 next++;
458 }
459
460 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
461 if(fd < 0) {
462 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
463 exit(1);
464 }
465
466 indicate_writing(mtd);
467
468 w = e = 0;
469 for (;;) {
470 /* buffer may contain data already (from trx check or last mtd partition write attempt) */
471 while (buflen < erasesize) {
472 r = read(imagefd, buf + buflen, erasesize - buflen);
473 if (r < 0) {
474 if ((errno == EINTR) || (errno == EAGAIN))
475 continue;
476 else {
477 perror("read");
478 break;
479 }
480 }
481
482 if (r == 0)
483 break;
484
485 buflen += r;
486 }
487
488 if (buflen == 0)
489 break;
490
491 if (skip > 0) {
492 skip -= buflen;
493 buflen = 0;
494 if (skip <= 0)
495 indicate_writing(mtd);
496
497 continue;
498 }
499
500 if (jffs2file) {
501 if (memcmp(buf, JFFS2_EOF, sizeof(JFFS2_EOF) - 1) == 0) {
502 if (!quiet)
503 fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b ");
504 if (quiet < 2)
505 fprintf(stderr, "\nAppending jffs2 data from %s to %s...", jffs2file, mtd);
506 /* got an EOF marker - this is the place to add some jffs2 data */
507 skip = mtd_replace_jffs2(mtd, fd, e, jffs2file);
508
509 w += skip;
510 e += skip;
511 skip -= buflen;
512 buflen = 0;
513 offset = 0;
514 continue;
515 }
516 /* no EOF marker, make sure we figure out the last inode number
517 * before appending some data */
518 mtd_parse_jffs2data(buf, jffs2dir);
519 }
520
521 /* need to erase the next block before writing data to it */
522 if(no_erase)
523 {
524 while (w + buflen > e) {
525 if (!quiet)
526 fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b[e]");
527
528
529 if (mtd_erase_block(fd, e) < 0) {
530 if (next) {
531 if (w < e) {
532 write(fd, buf + offset, e - w);
533 offset = e - w;
534 }
535 w = 0;
536 e = 0;
537 close(fd);
538 mtd = next;
539 fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b \n");
540 goto resume;
541 } else {
542 fprintf(stderr, "Failed to erase block\n");
543 exit(1);
544 }
545 }
546
547 /* erase the chunk */
548 e += erasesize;
549 }
550 }
551
552 if (!quiet)
553 fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b[w]");
554
555 if ((result = write(fd, buf + offset, buflen)) < buflen) {
556 if (result < 0) {
557 fprintf(stderr, "Error writing image.\n");
558 exit(1);
559 } else {
560 fprintf(stderr, "Insufficient space.\n");
561 exit(1);
562 }
563 }
564 w += buflen;
565
566 buflen = 0;
567 offset = 0;
568 }
569
570 if (!quiet)
571 fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b\b ");
572
573 done:
574 if (quiet < 2)
575 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
576
577 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
578 if (fis_layout) {
579 if (fis_remap(old_parts, n_old, new_parts, n_new) < 0)
580 fprintf(stderr, "Failed to update the FIS partition table\n");
581 }
582 #endif
583
584 close(fd);
585 return 0;
586 }
587
588 static void usage(void)
589 {
590 fprintf(stderr, "Usage: mtd [<options> ...] <command> [<arguments> ...] <device>[:<device>...]\n\n"
591 "The device is in the format of mtdX (eg: mtd4) or its label.\n"
592 "mtd recognizes these commands:\n"
593 " unlock unlock the device\n"
594 " refresh refresh mtd partition\n"
595 " erase erase all data on device\n"
596 " write <imagefile>|- write <imagefile> (use - for stdin) to device\n"
597 " jffs2write <file> append <file> to the jffs2 partition on the device\n"
598 " fixtrx fix the checksum in a trx header on first boot\n"
599 "Following options are available:\n"
600 " -q quiet mode (once: no [w] on writing,\n"
601 " twice: no status messages)\n"
602 " -n write without first erasing the blocks\n"
603 " -r reboot after successful command\n"
604 " -f force write without trx checks\n"
605 " -e <device> erase <device> before executing the command\n"
606 " -d <name> directory for jffs2write, defaults to \"tmp\"\n"
607 " -j <name> integrate <file> into jffs2 data when writing an image\n"
608 " -o offset offset of the trx header in the partition (for fixtrx)\n"
609 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
610 " -F <part>[:<size>[:<entrypoint>]][,<part>...]\n"
611 " alter the fis partition table to create new partitions replacing\n"
612 " the partitions provided as argument to the write command\n"
613 " (only valid together with the write command)\n"
614 #endif
615 "\n"
616 "Example: To write linux.trx to mtd4 labeled as linux and reboot afterwards\n"
617 " mtd -r write linux.trx linux\n\n");
618 exit(1);
619 }
620
621 static void do_reboot(void)
622 {
623 fprintf(stderr, "Rebooting ...\n");
624 fflush(stderr);
625
626 /* try regular reboot method first */
627 system("/sbin/reboot");
628 sleep(2);
629
630 /* if we're still alive at this point, force the kernel to reboot */
631 syscall(SYS_reboot,LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1,LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2,LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART,NULL);
632 }
633
634 int main (int argc, char **argv)
635 {
636 int ch, i, boot, imagefd = 0, force, unlocked;
637 char *erase[MAX_ARGS], *device = NULL;
638 char *fis_layout = NULL;
639 size_t offset = 0;
640 enum {
641 CMD_ERASE,
642 CMD_WRITE,
643 CMD_UNLOCK,
644 CMD_REFRESH,
645 CMD_JFFS2WRITE,
646 CMD_FIXTRX,
647 } cmd = -1;
648
649 erase[0] = NULL;
650 boot = 0;
651 force = 0;
652 buflen = 0;
653 quiet = 0;
654 no_erase = 0;
655
656 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
657 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
658 "F:"
659 #endif
660 "frnqe:d:j:o:")) != -1)
661 switch (ch) {
662 case 'f':
663 force = 1;
664 break;
665 case 'r':
666 boot = 1;
667 break;
668 case 'n':
669 no_erase = 1;
670 break;
671 case 'j':
672 jffs2file = optarg;
673 break;
674 case 'q':
675 quiet++;
676 break;
677 case 'e':
678 i = 0;
679 while ((erase[i] != NULL) && ((i + 1) < MAX_ARGS))
680 i++;
681
682 erase[i++] = optarg;
683 erase[i] = NULL;
684 break;
685 case 'd':
686 jffs2dir = optarg;
687 break;
688 case 'o':
689 errno = 0;
690 offset = strtoul(optarg, 0, 0);
691 if (errno) {
692 fprintf(stderr, "-o: illegal numeric string\n");
693 usage();
694 }
695 break;
696 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
697 case 'F':
698 fis_layout = optarg;
699 break;
700 #endif
701 case '?':
702 default:
703 usage();
704 }
705 argc -= optind;
706 argv += optind;
707
708 if (argc < 2)
709 usage();
710
711 if ((strcmp(argv[0], "unlock") == 0) && (argc == 2)) {
712 cmd = CMD_UNLOCK;
713 device = argv[1];
714 } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "refresh") == 0) && (argc == 2)) {
715 cmd = CMD_REFRESH;
716 device = argv[1];
717 } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "erase") == 0) && (argc == 2)) {
718 cmd = CMD_ERASE;
719 device = argv[1];
720 } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "fixtrx") == 0) && (argc == 2)) {
721 cmd = CMD_FIXTRX;
722 device = argv[1];
723 } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "write") == 0) && (argc == 3)) {
724 cmd = CMD_WRITE;
725 device = argv[2];
726
727 if (strcmp(argv[1], "-") == 0) {
728 imagefile = "<stdin>";
729 imagefd = 0;
730 } else {
731 imagefile = argv[1];
732 if ((imagefd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
733 fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open image file: %s!\n", imagefile);
734 exit(1);
735 }
736 }
737
738 if (!mtd_check(device)) {
739 fprintf(stderr, "Can't open device for writing!\n");
740 exit(1);
741 }
742 /* check trx file before erasing or writing anything */
743 if (!image_check(imagefd, device) && !force) {
744 fprintf(stderr, "Image check failed.\n");
745 exit(1);
746 }
747 } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "jffs2write") == 0) && (argc == 3)) {
748 cmd = CMD_JFFS2WRITE;
749 device = argv[2];
750
751 imagefile = argv[1];
752 if (!mtd_check(device)) {
753 fprintf(stderr, "Can't open device for writing!\n");
754 exit(1);
755 }
756 } else {
757 usage();
758 }
759
760 sync();
761
762 i = 0;
763 unlocked = 0;
764 while (erase[i] != NULL) {
765 mtd_unlock(erase[i]);
766 mtd_erase(erase[i]);
767 if (strcmp(erase[i], device) == 0)
768 unlocked = 1;
769 i++;
770 }
771
772 switch (cmd) {
773 case CMD_UNLOCK:
774 if (!unlocked)
775 mtd_unlock(device);
776 break;
777 case CMD_ERASE:
778 if (!unlocked)
779 mtd_unlock(device);
780 mtd_erase(device);
781 break;
782 case CMD_WRITE:
783 if (!unlocked)
784 mtd_unlock(device);
785 mtd_write(imagefd, device, fis_layout);
786 break;
787 case CMD_JFFS2WRITE:
788 if (!unlocked)
789 mtd_unlock(device);
790 mtd_write_jffs2(device, imagefile, jffs2dir);
791 break;
792 case CMD_REFRESH:
793 mtd_refresh(device);
794 break;
795 case CMD_FIXTRX:
796 mtd_fixtrx(device, offset);
797 break;
798 }
799
800 sync();
801
802 if (boot)
803 do_reboot();
804
805 return 0;
806 }