package/mtd/src/mtd.c

   1 /*
   2  * mtd - simple memory technology device manipulation tool
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2005 Waldemar Brodkorb <wbx@dass-it.de>,
   5  *                        Felix Fietkau <nbd@openwrt.org>
   6  *
   7  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   8  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   9  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
  10  * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  11  *
  12  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  13  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  14  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  15  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  18  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  19  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  20  *
  21  *
  22  * The code is based on the linux-mtd examples.
  23  */
  24
  25 #include <limits.h>
  26 #include <unistd.h>
  27 #include <stdlib.h>
  28 #include <stdio.h>
  29 #include <stdint.h>
  30 #include <signal.h>
  31 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  32 #include <sys/syscall.h>
  33 #include <fcntl.h>
  34 #include <errno.h>
  35 #include <error.h>
  36 #include <time.h>
  37 #include <string.h>
  38 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  39 #include <sys/types.h>
  40 #include <sys/param.h>
  41 #include <sys/mount.h>
  42 #include <sys/stat.h>
  43 #include <sys/reboot.h>
  44 #include <linux/reboot.h>
  45 #include "mtd-api.h"
  46 #include "fis.h"
  47 #include "mtd.h"
  48
  49 #define MAX_ARGS 8
  50 #define JFFS2_DEFAULT_DIR       "" /* directory name without /, empty means root dir */
  51
  52 struct trx_header {
  53         uint32_t magic;         /* "HDR0" */
  54         uint32_t len;           /* Length of file including header */
  55         uint32_t crc32;         /* 32-bit CRC from flag_version to end of file */
  56         uint32_t flag_version;  /* 0:15 flags, 16:31 version */
  57         uint32_t offsets[3];    /* Offsets of partitions from start of header */
  58 };
  59
  60 static char *buf = NULL;
  61 static char *imagefile = NULL;
  62 static char *jffs2file = NULL, *jffs2dir = JFFS2_DEFAULT_DIR;
  63 static int buflen = 0;
  64 int quiet;
  65 int mtdsize = 0;
  66 int erasesize = 0;
  67
  68 int mtd_open(const char *mtd, bool block)
  69 {
  70         FILE *fp;
  71         char dev[PATH_MAX];
  72         int i;
  73         int ret;
  74         int flags = O_RDWR | O_SYNC;
  75
  76         if ((fp = fopen("/proc/mtd", "r"))) {
  77                 while (fgets(dev, sizeof(dev), fp)) {
  78                         if (sscanf(dev, "mtd%d:", &i) && strstr(dev, mtd)) {
  79                                 snprintf(dev, sizeof(dev), "/dev/mtd%s/%d", (block ? "block" : ""), i);
  80                                 if ((ret=open(dev, flags))<0) {
  81                                         snprintf(dev, sizeof(dev), "/dev/mtd%s%d", (block ? "block" : ""), i);
  82                                         ret=open(dev, flags);
  83                                 }
  84                                 fclose(fp);
  85                                 return ret;
  86                         }
  87                 }
  88                 fclose(fp);
  89         }
  90
  91         return open(mtd, flags);
  92 }
  93
  94 int mtd_check_open(const char *mtd)
  95 {
  96         struct mtd_info_user mtdInfo;
  97         int fd;
  98
  99         fd = mtd_open(mtd, false);
 100         if(fd < 0) {
 101                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
 102                 return 0;
 103         }
 104
 105         if(ioctl(fd, MEMGETINFO, &mtdInfo)) {
 106                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not get MTD device info from %s\n", mtd);
 107                 close(fd);
 108                 return 0;
 109         }
 110         mtdsize = mtdInfo.size;
 111         erasesize = mtdInfo.erasesize;
 112
 113         return fd;
 114 }
 115
 116 int mtd_erase_block(int fd, int offset)
 117 {
 118         struct erase_info_user mtdEraseInfo;
 119
 120         mtdEraseInfo.start = offset;
 121         mtdEraseInfo.length = erasesize;
 122         ioctl(fd, MEMUNLOCK, &mtdEraseInfo);
 123         if (ioctl (fd, MEMERASE, &mtdEraseInfo) < 0)
 124                 return -1;
 125
 126         return 0;
 127 }
 128
 129 int mtd_write_buffer(int fd, const char *buf, int offset, int length)
 130 {
 131         lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET);
 132         write(fd, buf, length);
 133         return 0;
 134 }
 135
 136
 137 static int
 138 image_check(int imagefd, const char *mtd)
 139 {
 140         int ret = 1;
 141 #ifdef target_brcm
 142         ret = trx_check(imagefd, mtd, buf, &buflen);
 143 #endif
 144         return ret;
 145 }
 146
 147 static int mtd_check(const char *mtd)
 148 {
 149         char *next = NULL;
 150         char *str = NULL;
 151         int fd;
 152
 153         if (strchr(mtd, ':')) {
 154                 str = strdup(mtd);
 155                 mtd = str;
 156         }
 157
 158         do {
 159                 next = strchr(mtd, ':');
 160                 if (next) {
 161                         *next = 0;
 162                         next++;
 163                 }
 164
 165                 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
 166                 if (!fd)
 167                         return 0;
 168
 169                 if (!buf)
 170                         buf = malloc(erasesize);
 171
 172                 close(fd);
 173                 mtd = next;
 174         } while (next);
 175
 176         if (str)
 177                 free(str);
 178
 179         return 1;
 180 }
 181
 182 static int
 183 mtd_unlock(const char *mtd)
 184 {
 185         struct erase_info_user mtdLockInfo;
 186         char *next = NULL;
 187         char *str = NULL;
 188         int fd;
 189
 190         if (strchr(mtd, ':')) {
 191                 str = strdup(mtd);
 192                 mtd = str;
 193         }
 194
 195         do {
 196                 next = strchr(mtd, ':');
 197                 if (next) {
 198                         *next = 0;
 199                         next++;
 200                 }
 201
 202                 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
 203                 if(fd <= 0) {
 204                         fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
 205                         exit(1);
 206                 }
 207
 208                 if (quiet < 2)
 209                         fprintf(stderr, "Unlocking %s ...\n", mtd);
 210
 211                 mtdLockInfo.start = 0;
 212                 mtdLockInfo.length = mtdsize;
 213                 ioctl(fd, MEMUNLOCK, &mtdLockInfo);
 214                 close(fd);
 215                 mtd = next;
 216         } while (next);
 217
 218         if (str)
 219                 free(str);
 220
 221         return 0;
 222 }
 223
 224 static int
 225 mtd_erase(const char *mtd)
 226 {
 227         int fd;
 228         struct erase_info_user mtdEraseInfo;
 229
 230         if (quiet < 2)
 231                 fprintf(stderr, "Erasing %s ...\n", mtd);
 232
 233         fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
 234         if(fd <= 0) {
 235                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
 236                 exit(1);
 237         }
 238
 239         mtdEraseInfo.length = erasesize;
 240
 241         for (mtdEraseInfo.start = 0;
 242                  mtdEraseInfo.start < mtdsize;
 243                  mtdEraseInfo.start += erasesize) {
 244
 245                 ioctl(fd, MEMUNLOCK, &mtdEraseInfo);
 246                 if(ioctl(fd, MEMERASE, &mtdEraseInfo))
 247                         fprintf(stderr, "Failed to erase block on %s at 0x%x\n", mtd, mtdEraseInfo.start);
 248         }
 249
 250         close(fd);
 251         return 0;
 252
 253 }
 254
 255 static int
 256 mtd_refresh(const char *mtd)
 257 {
 258         int fd;
 259
 260         if (quiet < 2)
 261                 fprintf(stderr, "Refreshing mtd partition %s ... ", mtd);
 262
 263         fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
 264         if(fd <= 0) {
 265                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
 266                 exit(1);
 267         }
 268
 269         if (ioctl(fd, MTDREFRESH, NULL)) {
 270                 fprintf(stderr, "Failed to refresh the MTD device\n");
 271                 close(fd);
 272                 exit(1);
 273         }
 274         close(fd);
 275
 276         if (quiet < 2)
 277                 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 278
 279         return 0;
 280 }
 281
 282 static int
 283 mtd_write(int imagefd, const char *mtd, char *fis_layout)
 284 {
 285         char *next = NULL;
 286         char *str = NULL;
 287         int fd, result;
 288         ssize_t r, w, e;
 289         uint32_t offset = 0;
 290
 291 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
 292         static struct fis_part new_parts[MAX_ARGS];
 293         static struct fis_part old_parts[MAX_ARGS];
 294         int n_new = 0, n_old = 0;
 295
 296         if (fis_layout) {
 297                 const char *tmp = mtd;
 298                 char *word, *brkt;
 299                 int ret;
 300
 301                 memset(&old_parts, 0, sizeof(old_parts));
 302                 memset(&new_parts, 0, sizeof(new_parts));
 303
 304                 do {
 305                         next = strchr(tmp, ':');
 306                         if (!next)
 307                                 next = (char *) tmp + strlen(tmp);
 308
 309                         memcpy(old_parts[n_old].name, tmp, next - tmp);
 310
 311                         n_old++;
 312                         tmp = next + 1;
 313                 } while(*next);
 314
 315                 for (word = strtok_r(fis_layout, ",", &brkt);
 316                      word;
 317                          word = strtok_r(NULL, ",", &brkt)) {
 318
 319                         tmp = strtok(word, ":");
 320                         strncpy((char *) new_parts[n_new].name, tmp, sizeof(new_parts[n_new].name) - 1);
 321
 322                         tmp = strtok(NULL, ":");
 323                         if (!tmp)
 324                                 goto next;
 325
 326                         new_parts[n_new].size = strtoul(tmp, NULL, 0);
 327
 328                         tmp = strtok(NULL, ":");
 329                         if (!tmp)
 330                                 goto next;
 331
 332                         new_parts[n_new].loadaddr = strtoul(tmp, NULL, 16);
 333 next:
 334                         n_new++;
 335                 }
 336                 ret = fis_validate(old_parts, n_old, new_parts, n_new);
 337                 if (ret < 0) {
 338                         fprintf(stderr, "Failed to validate the new FIS partition table\n");
 339                         exit(1);
 340                 }
 341                 if (ret == 0)
 342                         fis_layout = NULL;
 343         }
 344 #endif
 345
 346         if (strchr(mtd, ':')) {
 347                 str = strdup(mtd);
 348                 mtd = str;
 349         }
 350
 351         r = 0;
 352
 353 resume:
 354         next = strchr(mtd, ':');
 355         if (next) {
 356                 *next = 0;
 357                 next++;
 358         }
 359
 360         fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
 361         if(fd < 0) {
 362                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
 363                 exit(1);
 364         }
 365
 366         if (quiet < 2)
 367                 fprintf(stderr, "Writing from %s to %s ... ", imagefile, mtd);
 368
 369         w = e = 0;
 370         if (!quiet)
 371                 fprintf(stderr, " [ ]");
 372
 373         for (;;) {
 374                 /* buffer may contain data already (from trx check or last mtd partition write attempt) */
 375                 while (buflen < erasesize) {
 376                         r = read(imagefd, buf + buflen, erasesize - buflen);
 377                         if (r < 0) {
 378                                 if ((errno == EINTR) || (errno == EAGAIN))
 379                                         continue;
 380                                 else {
 381                                         perror("read");
 382                                         break;
 383                                 }
 384                         }
 385
 386                         if (r == 0)
 387                                 break;
 388
 389                         buflen += r;
 390                 }
 391
 392                 if (buflen == 0)
 393                         break;
 394
 395                 if (jffs2file) {
 396                         if (memcmp(buf, JFFS2_EOF, sizeof(JFFS2_EOF) - 1) == 0) {
 397                                 if (!quiet)
 398                                         fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b   ");
 399                                 if (quiet < 2)
 400                                         fprintf(stderr, "\nAppending jffs2 data to from %s to %s...", jffs2file, mtd);
 401                                 /* got an EOF marker - this is the place to add some jffs2 data */
 402                                 mtd_replace_jffs2(mtd, fd, e, jffs2file);
 403                                 goto done;
 404                         }
 405                         /* no EOF marker, make sure we figure out the last inode number
 406                          * before appending some data */
 407                         mtd_parse_jffs2data(buf, jffs2dir);
 408                 }
 409
 410                 /* need to erase the next block before writing data to it */
 411                 while (w + buflen > e) {
 412                         if (!quiet)
 413                                 fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b[e]");
 414
 415
 416                         if (mtd_erase_block(fd, e) < 0) {
 417                                 if (next) {
 418                                         if (w < e) {
 419                                                 write(fd, buf + offset, e - w);
 420                                                 offset = e - w;
 421                                         }
 422                                         w = 0;
 423                                         e = 0;
 424                                         close(fd);
 425                                         mtd = next;
 426                                         fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b   \n");
 427                                         goto resume;
 428                                 } else {
 429                                         fprintf(stderr, "Failed to erase block\n");
 430                                         exit(1);
 431                                 }
 432                         }
 433
 434                         /* erase the chunk */
 435                         e += erasesize;
 436                 }
 437
 438                 if (!quiet)
 439                         fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b[w]");
 440
 441                 if ((result = write(fd, buf + offset, buflen)) < buflen) {
 442                         if (result < 0) {
 443                                 fprintf(stderr, "Error writing image.\n");
 444                                 exit(1);
 445                         } else {
 446                                 fprintf(stderr, "Insufficient space.\n");
 447                                 exit(1);
 448                         }
 449                 }
 450                 w += buflen;
 451
 452                 buflen = 0;
 453                 offset = 0;
 454         }
 455
 456         if (!quiet)
 457                 fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b\b    ");
 458
 459 done:
 460         if (quiet < 2)
 461                 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 462
 463 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
 464         if (fis_layout) {
 465                 if (fis_remap(old_parts, n_old, new_parts, n_new) < 0)
 466                         fprintf(stderr, "Failed to update the FIS partition table\n");
 467         }
 468 #endif
 469
 470         close(fd);
 471         return 0;
 472 }
 473
 474 static void usage(void)
 475 {
 476         fprintf(stderr, "Usage: mtd [<options> ...] <command> [<arguments> ...] <device>[:<device>...]\n\n"
 477         "The device is in the format of mtdX (eg: mtd4) or its label.\n"
 478         "mtd recognizes these commands:\n"
 479         "        unlock                  unlock the device\n"
 480         "        refresh                 refresh mtd partition\n"
 481         "        erase                   erase all data on device\n"
 482         "        write <imagefile>|-     write <imagefile> (use - for stdin) to device\n"
 483         "        jffs2write <file>       append <file> to the jffs2 partition on the device\n"
 484         "Following options are available:\n"
 485         "        -q                      quiet mode (once: no [w] on writing,\n"
 486         "                                           twice: no status messages)\n"
 487         "        -r                      reboot after successful command\n"
 488         "        -f                      force write without trx checks\n"
 489         "        -e <device>             erase <device> before executing the command\n"
 490         "        -d <name>               directory for jffs2write, defaults to \"tmp\"\n"
 491         "        -j <name>               integrate <file> into jffs2 data when writing an image\n"
 492 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
 493         "        -F <part>[:<size>[:<entrypoint>]][,<part>...]\n"
 494         "                                alter the fis partition table to create new partitions replacing\n"
 495         "                                the partitions provided as argument to the write command\n"
 496         "                                (only valid together with the write command)\n"
 497 #endif
 498         "\n"
 499         "Example: To write linux.trx to mtd4 labeled as linux and reboot afterwards\n"
 500         "         mtd -r write linux.trx linux\n\n");
 501         exit(1);
 502 }
 503
 504 static void do_reboot(void)
 505 {
 506         fprintf(stderr, "Rebooting ...\n");
 507         fflush(stderr);
 508
 509         /* try regular reboot method first */
 510         system("/sbin/reboot");
 511         sleep(2);
 512
 513         /* if we're still alive at this point, force the kernel to reboot */
 514         syscall(SYS_reboot,LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1,LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2,LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART,NULL);
 515 }
 516
 517 int main (int argc, char **argv)
 518 {
 519         int ch, i, boot, imagefd = 0, force, unlocked;
 520         char *erase[MAX_ARGS], *device = NULL;
 521         char *fis_layout = NULL;
 522         enum {
 523                 CMD_ERASE,
 524                 CMD_WRITE,
 525                 CMD_UNLOCK,
 526                 CMD_REFRESH,
 527                 CMD_JFFS2WRITE
 528         } cmd = -1;
 529
 530         erase[0] = NULL;
 531         boot = 0;
 532         force = 0;
 533         buflen = 0;
 534         quiet = 0;
 535
 536         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
 537 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
 538                         "F:"
 539 #endif
 540                         "frqe:d:j:")) != -1)
 541                 switch (ch) {
 542                         case 'f':
 543                                 force = 1;
 544                                 break;
 545                         case 'r':
 546                                 boot = 1;
 547                                 break;
 548                         case 'j':
 549                                 jffs2file = optarg;
 550                                 break;
 551                         case 'q':
 552                                 quiet++;
 553                                 break;
 554                         case 'e':
 555                                 i = 0;
 556                                 while ((erase[i] != NULL) && ((i + 1) < MAX_ARGS))
 557                                         i++;
 558
 559                                 erase[i++] = optarg;
 560                                 erase[i] = NULL;
 561                                 break;
 562                         case 'd':
 563                                 jffs2dir = optarg;
 564                                 break;
 565 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
 566                         case 'F':
 567                                 fis_layout = optarg;
 568                                 break;
 569 #endif
 570                         case '?':
 571                         default:
 572                                 usage();
 573                 }
 574         argc -= optind;
 575         argv += optind;
 576
 577         if (argc < 2)
 578                 usage();
 579
 580         if ((strcmp(argv[0], "unlock") == 0) && (argc == 2)) {
 581                 cmd = CMD_UNLOCK;
 582                 device = argv[1];
 583         } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "refresh") == 0) && (argc == 2)) {
 584                 cmd = CMD_REFRESH;
 585                 device = argv[1];
 586         } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "erase") == 0) && (argc == 2)) {
 587                 cmd = CMD_ERASE;
 588                 device = argv[1];
 589         } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "write") == 0) && (argc == 3)) {
 590                 cmd = CMD_WRITE;
 591                 device = argv[2];
 592
 593                 if (strcmp(argv[1], "-") == 0) {
 594                         imagefile = "<stdin>";
 595                         imagefd = 0;
 596                 } else {
 597                         imagefile = argv[1];
 598                         if ((imagefd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
 599                                 fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open image file: %s!\n", imagefile);
 600                                 exit(1);
 601                         }
 602                 }
 603
 604                 if (!mtd_check(device)) {
 605                         fprintf(stderr, "Can't open device for writing!\n");
 606                         exit(1);
 607                 }
 608                 /* check trx file before erasing or writing anything */
 609                 if (!image_check(imagefd, device) && !force) {
 610                         fprintf(stderr, "Image check failed.\n");
 611                         exit(1);
 612                 }
 613         } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "jffs2write") == 0) && (argc == 3)) {
 614                 cmd = CMD_JFFS2WRITE;
 615                 device = argv[2];
 616
 617                 imagefile = argv[1];
 618                 if (!mtd_check(device)) {
 619                         fprintf(stderr, "Can't open device for writing!\n");
 620                         exit(1);
 621                 }
 622         } else {
 623                 usage();
 624         }
 625
 626         sync();
 627
 628         i = 0;
 629         unlocked = 0;
 630         while (erase[i] != NULL) {
 631                 mtd_unlock(erase[i]);
 632                 mtd_erase(erase[i]);
 633                 if (strcmp(erase[i], device) == 0)
 634                         unlocked = 1;
 635                 i++;
 636         }
 637
 638         switch (cmd) {
 639                 case CMD_UNLOCK:
 640                         if (!unlocked)
 641                                 mtd_unlock(device);
 642                         break;
 643                 case CMD_ERASE:
 644                         if (!unlocked)
 645                                 mtd_unlock(device);
 646                         mtd_erase(device);
 647                         break;
 648                 case CMD_WRITE:
 649                         if (!unlocked)
 650                                 mtd_unlock(device);
 651                         mtd_write(imagefd, device, fis_layout);
 652                         break;
 653                 case CMD_JFFS2WRITE:
 654                         if (!unlocked)
 655                                 mtd_unlock(device);
 656                         mtd_write_jffs2(device, imagefile, jffs2dir);
 657                         break;
 658                 case CMD_REFRESH:
 659                         mtd_refresh(device);
 660                         break;
 661         }
 662
 663         sync();
 664
 665         if (boot)
 666                 do_reboot();
 667
 668         return 0;
 669 }