package/system/mtd/src/mtd.c

   1 /*
   2  * mtd - simple memory technology device manipulation tool
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2005      Waldemar Brodkorb <wbx@dass-it.de>,
   5  * Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Felix Fietkau <nbd@openwrt.org>
   6  *
   7  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   8  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
   9  * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
  10  *
  11  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  12  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  13  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  14  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  15  *
  16  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  17  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  18  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  19  *
  20  *
  21  * The code is based on the linux-mtd examples.
  22  */
  23
  24 #include <limits.h>
  25 #include <unistd.h>
  26 #include <stdlib.h>
  27 #include <stdio.h>
  28 #include <stdint.h>
  29 #include <signal.h>
  30 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  31 #include <sys/syscall.h>
  32 #include <fcntl.h>
  33 #include <errno.h>
  34 #include <time.h>
  35 #include <string.h>
  36 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  37 #include <sys/types.h>
  38 #include <sys/param.h>
  39 #include <sys/mount.h>
  40 #include <sys/stat.h>
  41 #include <sys/reboot.h>
  42 #include <linux/reboot.h>
  43 #include <mtd/mtd-user.h>
  44 #include "fis.h"
  45 #include "mtd.h"
  46
  47 #define MAX_ARGS 8
  48 #define JFFS2_DEFAULT_DIR       "" /* directory name without /, empty means root dir */
  49
  50 static char *buf = NULL;
  51 static char *imagefile = NULL;
  52 static char *jffs2file = NULL, *jffs2dir = JFFS2_DEFAULT_DIR;
  53 static int buflen = 0;
  54 int quiet;
  55 int no_erase;
  56 int mtdsize = 0;
  57 int erasesize = 0;
  58 int jffs2_skip_bytes=0;
  59
  60 int mtd_open(const char *mtd, bool block)
  61 {
  62         FILE *fp;
  63         char dev[PATH_MAX];
  64         int i;
  65         int ret;
  66         int flags = O_RDWR | O_SYNC;
  67
  68         if ((fp = fopen("/proc/mtd", "r"))) {
  69                 while (fgets(dev, sizeof(dev), fp)) {
  70                         if (sscanf(dev, "mtd%d:", &i) && strstr(dev, mtd)) {
  71                                 snprintf(dev, sizeof(dev), "/dev/mtd%s/%d", (block ? "block" : ""), i);
  72                                 if ((ret=open(dev, flags))<0) {
  73                                         snprintf(dev, sizeof(dev), "/dev/mtd%s%d", (block ? "block" : ""), i);
  74                                         ret=open(dev, flags);
  75                                 }
  76                                 fclose(fp);
  77                                 return ret;
  78                         }
  79                 }
  80                 fclose(fp);
  81         }
  82
  83         return open(mtd, flags);
  84 }
  85
  86 int mtd_check_open(const char *mtd)
  87 {
  88         struct mtd_info_user mtdInfo;
  89         int fd;
  90
  91         fd = mtd_open(mtd, false);
  92         if(fd < 0) {
  93                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
  94                 return -1;
  95         }
  96
  97         if(ioctl(fd, MEMGETINFO, &mtdInfo)) {
  98                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not get MTD device info from %s\n", mtd);
  99                 close(fd);
 100                 return -1;
 101         }
 102         mtdsize = mtdInfo.size;
 103         erasesize = mtdInfo.erasesize;
 104
 105         return fd;
 106 }
 107
 108 int mtd_erase_block(int fd, int offset)
 109 {
 110         struct erase_info_user mtdEraseInfo;
 111
 112         mtdEraseInfo.start = offset;
 113         mtdEraseInfo.length = erasesize;
 114         ioctl(fd, MEMUNLOCK, &mtdEraseInfo);
 115         if (ioctl (fd, MEMERASE, &mtdEraseInfo) < 0)
 116                 return -1;
 117
 118         return 0;
 119 }
 120
 121 int mtd_write_buffer(int fd, const char *buf, int offset, int length)
 122 {
 123         lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET);
 124         write(fd, buf, length);
 125         return 0;
 126 }
 127
 128
 129 static int
 130 image_check(int imagefd, const char *mtd)
 131 {
 132         int ret = 1;
 133         if (trx_check) {
 134           ret = trx_check(imagefd, mtd, buf, &buflen);
 135         }
 136
 137         return ret;
 138 }
 139
 140 static int mtd_check(const char *mtd)
 141 {
 142         char *next = NULL;
 143         char *str = NULL;
 144         int fd;
 145
 146         if (strchr(mtd, ':')) {
 147                 str = strdup(mtd);
 148                 mtd = str;
 149         }
 150
 151         do {
 152                 next = strchr(mtd, ':');
 153                 if (next) {
 154                         *next = 0;
 155                         next++;
 156                 }
 157
 158                 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
 159                 if (fd < 0)
 160                         return 0;
 161
 162                 if (!buf)
 163                         buf = malloc(erasesize);
 164
 165                 close(fd);
 166                 mtd = next;
 167         } while (next);
 168
 169         if (str)
 170                 free(str);
 171
 172         return 1;
 173 }
 174
 175 static int
 176 mtd_unlock(const char *mtd)
 177 {
 178         struct erase_info_user mtdLockInfo;
 179         char *next = NULL;
 180         char *str = NULL;
 181         int fd;
 182
 183         if (strchr(mtd, ':')) {
 184                 str = strdup(mtd);
 185                 mtd = str;
 186         }
 187
 188         do {
 189                 next = strchr(mtd, ':');
 190                 if (next) {
 191                         *next = 0;
 192                         next++;
 193                 }
 194
 195                 fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
 196                 if(fd < 0) {
 197                         fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
 198                         exit(1);
 199                 }
 200
 201                 if (quiet < 2)
 202                         fprintf(stderr, "Unlocking %s ...\n", mtd);
 203
 204                 mtdLockInfo.start = 0;
 205                 mtdLockInfo.length = mtdsize;
 206                 ioctl(fd, MEMUNLOCK, &mtdLockInfo);
 207                 close(fd);
 208                 mtd = next;
 209         } while (next);
 210
 211         if (str)
 212                 free(str);
 213
 214         return 0;
 215 }
 216
 217 static int
 218 mtd_erase(const char *mtd)
 219 {
 220         int fd;
 221         struct erase_info_user mtdEraseInfo;
 222
 223         if (quiet < 2)
 224                 fprintf(stderr, "Erasing %s ...\n", mtd);
 225
 226         fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
 227         if(fd < 0) {
 228                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
 229                 exit(1);
 230         }
 231
 232         mtdEraseInfo.length = erasesize;
 233
 234         for (mtdEraseInfo.start = 0;
 235                  mtdEraseInfo.start < mtdsize;
 236                  mtdEraseInfo.start += erasesize) {
 237
 238                 ioctl(fd, MEMUNLOCK, &mtdEraseInfo);
 239                 if(ioctl(fd, MEMERASE, &mtdEraseInfo))
 240                         fprintf(stderr, "Failed to erase block on %s at 0x%x\n", mtd, mtdEraseInfo.start);
 241         }
 242
 243         close(fd);
 244         return 0;
 245
 246 }
 247
 248 static void
 249 indicate_writing(const char *mtd)
 250 {
 251         if (quiet < 2)
 252                 fprintf(stderr, "\nWriting from %s to %s ... ", imagefile, mtd);
 253
 254         if (!quiet)
 255                 fprintf(stderr, " [ ]");
 256 }
 257
 258 static int
 259 mtd_write(int imagefd, const char *mtd, char *fis_layout, size_t part_offset)
 260 {
 261         char *next = NULL;
 262         char *str = NULL;
 263         int fd, result;
 264         ssize_t r, w, e;
 265         ssize_t skip = 0;
 266         uint32_t offset = 0;
 267         int jffs2_replaced = 0;
 268
 269 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
 270         static struct fis_part new_parts[MAX_ARGS];
 271         static struct fis_part old_parts[MAX_ARGS];
 272         int n_new = 0, n_old = 0;
 273
 274         if (fis_layout) {
 275                 const char *tmp = mtd;
 276                 char *word, *brkt;
 277                 int ret;
 278
 279                 memset(&old_parts, 0, sizeof(old_parts));
 280                 memset(&new_parts, 0, sizeof(new_parts));
 281
 282                 do {
 283                         next = strchr(tmp, ':');
 284                         if (!next)
 285                                 next = (char *) tmp + strlen(tmp);
 286
 287                         memcpy(old_parts[n_old].name, tmp, next - tmp);
 288
 289                         n_old++;
 290                         tmp = next + 1;
 291                 } while(*next);
 292
 293                 for (word = strtok_r(fis_layout, ",", &brkt);
 294                      word;
 295                          word = strtok_r(NULL, ",", &brkt)) {
 296
 297                         tmp = strtok(word, ":");
 298                         strncpy((char *) new_parts[n_new].name, tmp, sizeof(new_parts[n_new].name) - 1);
 299
 300                         tmp = strtok(NULL, ":");
 301                         if (!tmp)
 302                                 goto next;
 303
 304                         new_parts[n_new].size = strtoul(tmp, NULL, 0);
 305
 306                         tmp = strtok(NULL, ":");
 307                         if (!tmp)
 308                                 goto next;
 309
 310                         new_parts[n_new].loadaddr = strtoul(tmp, NULL, 16);
 311 next:
 312                         n_new++;
 313                 }
 314                 ret = fis_validate(old_parts, n_old, new_parts, n_new);
 315                 if (ret < 0) {
 316                         fprintf(stderr, "Failed to validate the new FIS partition table\n");
 317                         exit(1);
 318                 }
 319                 if (ret == 0)
 320                         fis_layout = NULL;
 321         }
 322 #endif
 323
 324         if (strchr(mtd, ':')) {
 325                 str = strdup(mtd);
 326                 mtd = str;
 327         }
 328
 329         r = 0;
 330
 331 resume:
 332         next = strchr(mtd, ':');
 333         if (next) {
 334                 *next = 0;
 335                 next++;
 336         }
 337
 338         fd = mtd_check_open(mtd);
 339         if(fd < 0) {
 340                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open mtd device: %s\n", mtd);
 341                 exit(1);
 342         }
 343         if (part_offset > 0) {
 344                 fprintf(stderr, "Seeking on mtd device '%s' to: %u\n", mtd, part_offset);
 345                 lseek(fd, part_offset, SEEK_SET);
 346         }
 347
 348         indicate_writing(mtd);
 349
 350         w = e = 0;
 351         for (;;) {
 352                 /* buffer may contain data already (from trx check or last mtd partition write attempt) */
 353                 while (buflen < erasesize) {
 354                         r = read(imagefd, buf + buflen, erasesize - buflen);
 355                         if (r < 0) {
 356                                 if ((errno == EINTR) || (errno == EAGAIN))
 357                                         continue;
 358                                 else {
 359                                         perror("read");
 360                                         break;
 361                                 }
 362                         }
 363
 364                         if (r == 0)
 365                                 break;
 366
 367                         buflen += r;
 368                 }
 369
 370                 if (buflen == 0)
 371                         break;
 372
 373                 if (skip > 0) {
 374                         skip -= buflen;
 375                         buflen = 0;
 376                         if (skip <= 0)
 377                                 indicate_writing(mtd);
 378
 379                         continue;
 380                 }
 381
 382                 if (jffs2file && w >= jffs2_skip_bytes) {
 383                         if (memcmp(buf, JFFS2_EOF, sizeof(JFFS2_EOF) - 1) == 0) {
 384                                 if (!quiet)
 385                                         fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b   ");
 386                                 if (quiet < 2)
 387                                         fprintf(stderr, "\nAppending jffs2 data from %s to %s...", jffs2file, mtd);
 388                                 /* got an EOF marker - this is the place to add some jffs2 data */
 389                                 skip = mtd_replace_jffs2(mtd, fd, e, jffs2file);
 390                                 jffs2_replaced = 1;
 391
 392                                 /* don't add it again */
 393                                 jffs2file = NULL;
 394
 395                                 w += skip;
 396                                 e += skip;
 397                                 skip -= buflen;
 398                                 buflen = 0;
 399                                 offset = 0;
 400                                 continue;
 401                         }
 402                         /* no EOF marker, make sure we figure out the last inode number
 403                          * before appending some data */
 404                         mtd_parse_jffs2data(buf, jffs2dir);
 405                 }
 406
 407                 /* need to erase the next block before writing data to it */
 408                 if(!no_erase)
 409                 {
 410                         while (w + buflen > e) {
 411                                 if (!quiet)
 412                                         fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b[e]");
 413
 414
 415                                 if (mtd_erase_block(fd, e) < 0) {
 416                                         if (next) {
 417                                                 if (w < e) {
 418                                                         write(fd, buf + offset, e - w);
 419                                                         offset = e - w;
 420                                                 }
 421                                                 w = 0;
 422                                                 e = 0;
 423                                                 close(fd);
 424                                                 mtd = next;
 425                                                 fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b   \n");
 426                                                 goto resume;
 427                                         } else {
 428                                                 fprintf(stderr, "Failed to erase block\n");
 429                                                 exit(1);
 430                                         }
 431                                 }
 432
 433                                 /* erase the chunk */
 434                                 e += erasesize;
 435                         }
 436                 }
 437
 438                 if (!quiet)
 439                         fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b[w]");
 440
 441                 if ((result = write(fd, buf + offset, buflen)) < buflen) {
 442                         if (result < 0) {
 443                                 fprintf(stderr, "Error writing image.\n");
 444                                 exit(1);
 445                         } else {
 446                                 fprintf(stderr, "Insufficient space.\n");
 447                                 exit(1);
 448                         }
 449                 }
 450                 w += buflen;
 451
 452                 buflen = 0;
 453                 offset = 0;
 454         }
 455
 456         if (jffs2_replaced && trx_fixup) {
 457                 trx_fixup(fd, mtd);
 458         }
 459
 460         if (!quiet)
 461                 fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b\b    ");
 462
 463 done:
 464         if (quiet < 2)
 465                 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 466
 467 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
 468         if (fis_layout) {
 469                 if (fis_remap(old_parts, n_old, new_parts, n_new) < 0)
 470                         fprintf(stderr, "Failed to update the FIS partition table\n");
 471         }
 472 #endif
 473
 474         close(fd);
 475         return 0;
 476 }
 477
 478 static void usage(void)
 479 {
 480         fprintf(stderr, "Usage: mtd [<options> ...] <command> [<arguments> ...] <device>[:<device>...]\n\n"
 481         "The device is in the format of mtdX (eg: mtd4) or its label.\n"
 482         "mtd recognizes these commands:\n"
 483         "        unlock                  unlock the device\n"
 484         "        refresh                 refresh mtd partition\n"
 485         "        erase                   erase all data on device\n"
 486         "        write <imagefile>|-     write <imagefile> (use - for stdin) to device\n"
 487         "        jffs2write <file>       append <file> to the jffs2 partition on the device\n");
 488         if (mtd_fixtrx) {
 489             fprintf(stderr,
 490         "        fixtrx                  fix the checksum in a trx header on first boot\n");
 491         }
 492         if (mtd_fixseama) {
 493             fprintf(stderr,
 494         "        fixseama                fix the checksum in a seama header on first boot\n");
 495         }
 496     fprintf(stderr,
 497         "Following options are available:\n"
 498         "        -q                      quiet mode (once: no [w] on writing,\n"
 499         "                                           twice: no status messages)\n"
 500         "        -n                      write without first erasing the blocks\n"
 501         "        -r                      reboot after successful command\n"
 502         "        -f                      force write without trx checks\n"
 503         "        -e <device>             erase <device> before executing the command\n"
 504         "        -d <name>               directory for jffs2write, defaults to \"tmp\"\n"
 505         "        -j <name>               integrate <file> into jffs2 data when writing an image\n"
 506         "        -s <number>             skip the first n bytes when appending data to the jffs2 partiton, defaults to \"0\"\n"
 507         "        -p                      write beginning at partition offset\n");
 508         if (mtd_fixtrx) {
 509             fprintf(stderr,
 510         "        -o offset               offset of the image header in the partition(for fixtrx)\n");
 511     }
 512         fprintf(stderr,
 513 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
 514         "        -F <part>[:<size>[:<entrypoint>]][,<part>...]\n"
 515         "                                alter the fis partition table to create new partitions replacing\n"
 516         "                                the partitions provided as argument to the write command\n"
 517         "                                (only valid together with the write command)\n"
 518 #endif
 519         "\n"
 520         "Example: To write linux.trx to mtd4 labeled as linux and reboot afterwards\n"
 521         "         mtd -r write linux.trx linux\n\n");
 522         exit(1);
 523 }
 524
 525 static void do_reboot(void)
 526 {
 527         fprintf(stderr, "Rebooting ...\n");
 528         fflush(stderr);
 529
 530         /* try regular reboot method first */
 531         system("/sbin/reboot");
 532         sleep(2);
 533
 534         /* if we're still alive at this point, force the kernel to reboot */
 535         syscall(SYS_reboot,LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1,LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2,LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART,NULL);
 536 }
 537
 538 int main (int argc, char **argv)
 539 {
 540         int ch, i, boot, imagefd = 0, force, unlocked;
 541         char *erase[MAX_ARGS], *device = NULL;
 542         char *fis_layout = NULL;
 543         size_t offset = 0, part_offset = 0;
 544         enum {
 545                 CMD_ERASE,
 546                 CMD_WRITE,
 547                 CMD_UNLOCK,
 548                 CMD_JFFS2WRITE,
 549                 CMD_FIXTRX,
 550                 CMD_FIXSEAMA,
 551         } cmd = -1;
 552
 553         erase[0] = NULL;
 554         boot = 0;
 555         force = 0;
 556         buflen = 0;
 557         quiet = 0;
 558         no_erase = 0;
 559
 560         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
 561 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
 562                         "F:"
 563 #endif
 564                         "frnqe:d:s:j:p:o:")) != -1)
 565                 switch (ch) {
 566                         case 'f':
 567                                 force = 1;
 568                                 break;
 569                         case 'r':
 570                                 boot = 1;
 571                                 break;
 572                         case 'n':
 573                                 no_erase = 1;
 574                                 break;
 575                         case 'j':
 576                                 jffs2file = optarg;
 577                                 break;
 578                         case 's':
 579                                 errno = 0;
 580                                 jffs2_skip_bytes = strtoul(optarg, 0, 0);
 581                                 if (errno) {
 582                                                 fprintf(stderr, "-s: illegal numeric string\n");
 583                                                 usage();
 584                                 }
 585                                 break;
 586                         case 'q':
 587                                 quiet++;
 588                                 break;
 589                         case 'e':
 590                                 i = 0;
 591                                 while ((erase[i] != NULL) && ((i + 1) < MAX_ARGS))
 592                                         i++;
 593
 594                                 erase[i++] = optarg;
 595                                 erase[i] = NULL;
 596                                 break;
 597                         case 'd':
 598                                 jffs2dir = optarg;
 599                                 break;
 600                         case 'p':
 601                                 errno = 0;
 602                                 part_offset = strtoul(optarg, 0, 0);
 603                                 if (errno) {
 604                                         fprintf(stderr, "-p: illegal numeric string\n");
 605                                         usage();
 606                                 }
 607                                 break;
 608                         case 'o':
 609                                 if (!mtd_fixtrx) {
 610                                         fprintf(stderr, "-o: is not available on this platform\n");
 611                                         usage();
 612                                 }
 613                                 errno = 0;
 614                                 offset = strtoul(optarg, 0, 0);
 615                                 if (errno) {
 616                                         fprintf(stderr, "-o: illegal numeric string\n");
 617                                         usage();
 618                                 }
 619                                 break;
 620 #ifdef FIS_SUPPORT
 621                         case 'F':
 622                                 fis_layout = optarg;
 623                                 break;
 624 #endif
 625                         case '?':
 626                         default:
 627                                 usage();
 628                 }
 629         argc -= optind;
 630         argv += optind;
 631
 632         if (argc < 2)
 633                 usage();
 634
 635         if ((strcmp(argv[0], "unlock") == 0) && (argc == 2)) {
 636                 cmd = CMD_UNLOCK;
 637                 device = argv[1];
 638         } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "erase") == 0) && (argc == 2)) {
 639                 cmd = CMD_ERASE;
 640                 device = argv[1];
 641         } else if (((strcmp(argv[0], "fixtrx") == 0) && (argc == 2)) && mtd_fixtrx) {
 642                 cmd = CMD_FIXTRX;
 643                 device = argv[1];
 644         } else if (((strcmp(argv[0], "fixseama") == 0) && (argc == 2)) && mtd_fixseama) {
 645                 cmd = CMD_FIXSEAMA;
 646                 device = argv[1];
 647         } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "write") == 0) && (argc == 3)) {
 648                 cmd = CMD_WRITE;
 649                 device = argv[2];
 650
 651                 if (strcmp(argv[1], "-") == 0) {
 652                         imagefile = "<stdin>";
 653                         imagefd = 0;
 654                 } else {
 655                         imagefile = argv[1];
 656                         if ((imagefd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
 657                                 fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open image file: %s!\n", imagefile);
 658                                 exit(1);
 659                         }
 660                 }
 661
 662                 if (!mtd_check(device)) {
 663                         fprintf(stderr, "Can't open device for writing!\n");
 664                         exit(1);
 665                 }
 666                 /* check trx file before erasing or writing anything */
 667                 if (!image_check(imagefd, device) && !force) {
 668                         fprintf(stderr, "Image check failed.\n");
 669                         exit(1);
 670                 }
 671         } else if ((strcmp(argv[0], "jffs2write") == 0) && (argc == 3)) {
 672                 cmd = CMD_JFFS2WRITE;
 673                 device = argv[2];
 674
 675                 imagefile = argv[1];
 676                 if (!mtd_check(device)) {
 677                         fprintf(stderr, "Can't open device for writing!\n");
 678                         exit(1);
 679                 }
 680         } else {
 681                 usage();
 682         }
 683
 684         sync();
 685
 686         i = 0;
 687         unlocked = 0;
 688         while (erase[i] != NULL) {
 689                 mtd_unlock(erase[i]);
 690                 mtd_erase(erase[i]);
 691                 if (strcmp(erase[i], device) == 0)
 692                         unlocked = 1;
 693                 i++;
 694         }
 695
 696         switch (cmd) {
 697                 case CMD_UNLOCK:
 698                         if (!unlocked)
 699                                 mtd_unlock(device);
 700                         break;
 701                 case CMD_ERASE:
 702                         if (!unlocked)
 703                                 mtd_unlock(device);
 704                         mtd_erase(device);
 705                         break;
 706                 case CMD_WRITE:
 707                         if (!unlocked)
 708                                 mtd_unlock(device);
 709                         mtd_write(imagefd, device, fis_layout, part_offset);
 710                         break;
 711                 case CMD_JFFS2WRITE:
 712                         if (!unlocked)
 713                                 mtd_unlock(device);
 714                         mtd_write_jffs2(device, imagefile, jffs2dir);
 715                         break;
 716                 case CMD_FIXTRX:
 717                     if (mtd_fixtrx) {
 718                             mtd_fixtrx(device, offset);
 719             }
 720                 case CMD_FIXSEAMA:
 721                         if (mtd_fixseama)
 722                             mtd_fixseama(device, 0);
 723                         break;
 724         }
 725
 726         sync();
 727
 728         if (boot)
 729                 do_reboot();
 730
 731         return 0;
 732 }